Initial System Setup

Set sudo without password

If your internal network at the observatory is already secured, it should be safe to set sudo without password for user pi.

Run visudo command:
```
 $ sudo visudo
```

Add NOPASSWD: to the %sudo group.

 # Allow members of group sudo to execute any command
 %sudo   ALL=(ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL

Press Ctrl-X, then y and ENTER to confirm.

Quick setup using raspi-config tool

Raspbian comes with raspi-config tool for quick setup.

$ sudo raspi-config

Now we will go through the individual menu entries

1 Change User Password

Default password for the user pi is raspberry. Since it is the same for all Raspberry Pi devices, it is unsafe to keep it unchanged.

2 Hostname

Set whatever hostname you would prefer for your observatory controller. I set observatory-controller.

3 Boot Options

I set just the following two boot options.

Boot Option	Value
B1 Desktop / CLI	Console
B3 Splash Screen	Disable

4 Localisation Options

I set only following three options, while selecting en_US.UTF-8 as default locale.

Localization Option	Value(s)
I1 Change Locale	en_GB.UTF-8, en_US.UTF-8, sk_SK.UTF-8
I2 Change Timezone	Bratislava
I4 Change Wi-Fi Country	SK Slovakia

5 Interfacing Options

I set single option required for SSH connectivity.

Interfacing Option	Value
P2 SSH	Yes

6 Advanced Options

I set following 5 options here.

Advanced Option	Value
A1 Expand Filesystem	Yes
A2 Overscan	No
A3 Memory Split	16
A4 Audio	1 Force 3.5mm jack
A6 GL Driver	Legacy

Connect via SSH

Now we should be already able to connect to Raspberry Pi via SSH from the other computer.

It very handy to map IP address of Raspberry Pi to actual hostname on your computer. Open /etc/hosts file:
```
 [gszasz@iris ~]$ sudo nano /etc/hosts
```
And add following line (IP address depends on your network):
```
 192.168.1.108  observatory-controler
```
If you’ve not done it yet, generate RSA private key with empty passphrase. Just hit ENTER three times after executing the command.
```
 [gszasz@iris ~]$ ssh-keygen
```

Copy the key to the Raspberry Pi.

 [gszasz@iris ~]$ ssh-copy-id pi@observatory-controller

Now you should be able to SSH into the Raspberry Pi without password.

 [gszasz@iris ~]$ ssh pi@observatory-controller
 pi@observatory-controller ~$

Now it is no longer necessary to have connected keyboard and screen directly to the device as long as it is connected to the network.

Disable Bluetooth

It is very unlikely that anybody would connect any bluetooth devices now. It is time to turn it off.

Power off bluetooth radio

 $ sudo bluetoothctl
 [bluetooth]# power off
 [bluetooth]# quit

Permanently disable bluetooth interface.
```
 $ sudo nano /boot/config.txt
```
Add following line to the file:
```
 dtoverlay=pi3-disable-bt
```
Reboot Raspberry Pi
```
 $ sudo reboot
```

Extend Swapfile size

Default swap space on Raspbian image is minimalistic. Now we have whole SD card to go, so now is the time to expand swap space to proper size.

Turn off swap
```
 $ sudo dphys-swapfile swapoff
```

Configure swap size to 2x RAM Size.

 $ sudo nano /etc/dphys-swapfile

Convince yourself that CONF_SWAPSIZE is commented out and uncomment CONF_SWAPFACTOR=2 line

 # set size to absolute value, leaving empty (default) then uses
 #   computed value you most likely don't want this, unless you
 #   have an special disk situation
 #CONF_SWAPSIZE=512

 # set size to computed value, this times RAM size, dynamically
 #   adapts, guarantees that there is enough swap without wasting
 #   disk space on excess
 CONF_SWAPFACTOR=2

 # restrict size (computed and absolute!) to maximally this limit
 #   can be set to empty for no limit, but beware of filled
 #   partitions!  this is/was a (outdated?) 32bit kernel limit (in
 #   MBytes), do not overrun it but is also sensible on 64bit to
 #   prevent filling /var or even / partition
 #CONF_MAXSWAP=2048

Reload the configuration file.
```
 $ sudo dphys-swapfile setup
```
Turn swap on again.
```
 $ sudo dphys-swapfile swapon
```

Set Locales

Default locale settings are still not satisfying enough, at least not for an observatory located in Slovakia :).

Set global locales.

 $ sudo nano /etc/default/locale

Make sure the file contains following lines:

 LANG=en_US.UTF-8
 LANGUAGE=en_US:en
 LC_TIME=en_GB.UTF-8
 LC_PAPER=en_GB.UTF-8
 LC_MEASUREMENT=en_GB.UTF-8
 LC_MONETARY=sk_SK.UTF-8
 LC_COLLATE=C

Set US keyboard

 $ sudo localectl set-keymap us set-x11-keymap us

Verify if locales are all set properly.

 $ localectl
    System Locale: LANG=en_US.UTF-8
                   LANGUAGE=en_US:en
                   LC_TIME=en_GB.UTF-8
                   LC_COLLATE=C
                   LC_MONETARY=sk_SK.UTF-8
                   LC_PAPER=en_GB.UTF-8
                   LC_MEASUREMENT=en_GB.UTF-8
        VC Keymap: us
       X11 Layout: us

Update Raspbian and install essential packages

Note that Raspberry Pi has to be connected to the network. If it is not online, proceed with the Network Setup](network-setup.md) first.

$ sudo apt-get update -y

There are some essential packages that are generally useful for debugging and maintenance of the observatory controller.

$ sudo apt-get install -y wget tmux mc

Install extra RPi tools

I am maintaining a repository of useful scripts for Raspbian Jessie. It’s generally a good idea to install it.

$ mkdir -p ~/src && cd ~/src
$ git clone https://github.com/gszasz/rpi-scripts.git
$ cd rpi-scripts
$ sudo ./install.sh

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